Health-Related quality of life of oral health workers in primary health care in Salvador, Brazil / Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de trabalhadores de saúde bucal da atenção primária à saúde em Salvador, Brasil / Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de trabajadores de salud bucal de la atención primaria de salud en Salvador, Brasil

This study aimed to identify and determine the level of factors associated with the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of oral health professionals working in Primary Health Care (PHC) in Brazil. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 96 dentists and 65 dental assistants working in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in six municipalities in the metropolitan area of Salvador (BA), Brazil. The HRQoL was evaluated using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36). Higher mean scores in the SF-36 physical component summary were associated with younger age, post-graduate education in public health, and frequent leisure time. The mental component summary was associated with frequent leisure time, > 40 weekly working hours, suitable dental offices, satisfaction with colleagues, and satisfaction with working in PHC. The HRQoL level of oral health professionals working in primary health care in PHC in Brazil was comparable to those found in the available literature and associated with several modifiable factors. Incidentally, a literature search found few studies using the SF-36 to assess the HRQoL of oral health workers, and those found were produced outside the main scientific centers.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e determinar o nível de fatores associados à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) de profissionais de saúde bucal que atuam na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal com 96 cirurgiões-dentistas e 65 auxiliares em saúde bucal que atuam na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) em seis municípios da região metropolitana de Salvador (BA), Brasil. A QVRS foi avaliada usando o 36-item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36). Escores médios mais altos no resumo do componente físico do SF-36 foram associadas a idade mais jovem, pós-graduação em saúde pública e tempo de lazer frequente. O resumo do componente mental foi associado a tempo de lazer frequente, > 40 horas semanais de trabalho, consultórios odontológicos adequados, satisfação com os colegas e satisfação em trabalhar na APS. O nível de QVRS dos profissionais de saúde bucal que atuam na APS no Brasil foi comparável aos encontrados na literatura disponível e associado a vários fatores modificáveis. Incidentalmente, uma pesquisa bibliográfica encontrou poucos estudos que utilizam o SF-36 para avaliar a QVRS de trabalhadores da saúde bucal; e os encontrados foram produzidos fora dos principais centros científicos.

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar y determinar el nivel de los factores asociados a la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) de los profesionales de salud bucal que actúan en la Atención Primaria de Salud en Brasil. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 96 cirujano dentista y 65 auxiliares de salud bucal que actúan en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia en seis municipios de la región metropolitana de Salvador, Brasil. La CVRS se evaluó mediante el 36-item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36). Las puntuaciones medias más altas en el resumen del componente físico del SF-36 se asociaron con una edad más joven, títulos de posgrado en salud pública y tiempo libre frecuente. El resumen del componente mental se asoció con tiempo libre frecuente, > 40 horas de trabajo por semana, consultorios dentales adecuados, satisfacción con los colegas y satisfacción con el trabajo en la Atención Primaria de Salud. El nivel de CVRS de los profesionales de la salud bucal que actúan en la Atención Primaria de Salud en Brasil fue comparable a los encontrados en la literatura disponible y se asoció a varios factores modificables. Una búsqueda bibliográfica encontró pocos estudios que utilizan el SF-36 para evaluar la CVRS de los trabajadores de la salud bucal; y los encontrados estaban fuera de los principales centros científicos.

[The evolution of inequalities in the distribution of dentists in Brazil]. / Evolução das desigualdades na distribuição de dentistas no Brasil.

The scope of this article is to analyze the evolution of the distribution of dentists and undergraduate courses in Dentistry in Brazil between 1960 and 2022, based on institutional data and its correlation with economic and demographic data. The proportions between number of dentists and population were calculated for the federative units in different periods, and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) was used. to determine the concentration of dentists, population and undergraduate courses in Dentistry. The Pearson test was used, with a significance level of 95%, to test the correlation between variables. In the period from 1960 to 2022, the ratio of dentists per 10,000 inhabitants increased from 3.3 to 16.9. Moreover in 2022, the federative units with the highest average household income per capita were closely correlated with the highest concentration of dentists (R2= 0.90; p < 0.00). However, from 1975 to 2022, the concentration of dentists measured by the HHI dropped from 45.1 to 33.4. The decrease in the geographic concentration of Dentistry courses was even more pronounced, with the HHI rising from 39.3 in 1991, to 25.6 in 2022.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a evolução da distribuição de dentistas e cursos de graduação em odontologia no Brasil entre 1960 e 2022, a partir de dados institucionais e de sua correlação com dados econômicos e demográficos. Foram calculadas as proporções entre número de dentistas e população para as unidades federativas em diferentes períodos, e para determinar a concentração de dentistas, da população e dos cursos de graduação em odontologia,foi utilizado o índice Herfindahl-Hirschman (HHI). Para testar a correlação entre variáveis foi empregado o teste de Pearson, com um nível de significância de 95%. Entre 1960 e 2022, a proporção de dentistas por 10 mil habitantes aumentou de 3,3 para 16,9. Ainda em 2022, as unidades federativas com maior renda média domiciliar per capita estavam fortemente correlacionadas à maior concentração de dentistas (R2 = 0,90; p < 0,00). Entretanto, de 1975 a 2022, a concentração de dentistas medida pelo HHI caiu de 45,1 para 33,4. A diminuição da concentração geográfica dos cursos de odontologia foi ainda mais pronunciada, tendo o HHI passado de 39,3 em 1991 para 25,6 em 2022.

Oral health-care practices and dental assistance management strategies for people with autism spectrum disorder: An integrative literature review.

LAY ABSTRACT: Autism spectrum disorder requires a more careful approach from oral health professionals and a favorable clinical environment related to dental care and assistance. This article has the objective to perform a literature review about the oral health-care knowledge and practices in people with autism spectrum disorder, as well as the characteristics of dental care for this group. It was carried out in three articles databases, associating descriptors such as autism or autism spectrum disorder; oral health or oral diseases; dental care or dental services. We identified 32 articles. The most prevalent subjects were oral health conditions, treatment strategies, parents' understanding and practical attitudes about oral health, management, and use of technology to improve oral health care. The principal barriers to people with autism spectrum disorder to access dental care were the scarcity of specialized professionals, unpreparedness in the referral system, poor accessibility of the clinics, and lack of specific care protocols. The world literature on the subject is scarce, and there is still a need for investment and scientific production due to the incidence of autism in the world population and the maintenance of difficulties and barriers in offering quality health care to this group.

Evolução das desigualdades na distribuição de dentistas no Brasil / The evolution of inequalities in the distribution of dentists in Brazil

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a evolução da distribuição de dentistas e cursos de graduação em odontologia no Brasil entre 1960 e 2022, a partir de dados institucionais e de sua correlação com dados econômicos e demográficos. Foram calculadas as proporções entre número de dentistas e população para as unidades federativas em diferentes períodos, e para determinar a concentração de dentistas, da população e dos cursos de graduação em odontologia,foi utilizado o índice Herfindahl-Hirschman (HHI). Para testar a correlação entre variáveis foi empregado o teste de Pearson, com um nível de significância de 95%. Entre 1960 e 2022, a proporção de dentistas por 10 mil habitantes aumentou de 3,3 para 16,9. Ainda em 2022, as unidades federativas com maior renda média domiciliar per capita estavam fortemente correlacionadas à maior concentração de dentistas (R2 = 0,90; p < 0,00). Entretanto, de 1975 a 2022, a concentração de dentistas medida pelo HHI caiu de 45,1 para 33,4. A diminuição da concentração geográfica dos cursos de odontologia foi ainda mais pronunciada, tendo o HHI passado de 39,3 em 1991 para 25,6 em 2022.

Abstract The scope of this article is to analyze the evolution of the distribution of dentists and undergraduate courses in Dentistry in Brazil between 1960 and 2022, based on institutional data and its correlation with economic and demographic data. The proportions between number of dentists and population were calculated for the federative units in different periods, and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) was used. to determine the concentration of dentists, population and undergraduate courses in Dentistry. The Pearson test was used, with a significance level of 95%, to test the correlation between variables. In the period from 1960 to 2022, the ratio of dentists per 10,000 inhabitants increased from 3.3 to 16.9. Moreover in 2022, the federative units with the highest average household income per capita were closely correlated with the highest concentration of dentists (R2= 0.90; p < 0.00). However, from 1975 to 2022, the concentration of dentists measured by the HHI dropped from 45.1 to 33.4. The decrease in the geographic concentration of Dentistry courses was even more pronounced, with the HHI rising from 39.3 in 1991, to 25.6 in 2022.

Effects of Violet and IR LED Light on mast cell degranulation: in vivo study in a murine model.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of IR (λ850 ± 10 nm) and violet (λ405 ± 10 nm) LED phototherapy on total mast cells counts and its ability to influence mast cell degranulation. For this, 27 Wistar rats were used and were randomly distributed into three groups: control, IR LED, and violet LED. When indicated, irradiation done and they were sacrificed, had their tongue removed immediately, 20-min, 45-min, and 2-h after irradiation. Samples were processed to wax, cut, and stained with Toluidine Blue. Intact and degranulated mast cells were counted under light microscopy, and statistical analysis was carried out. In the superficial connective tissue and muscular tissues, violet LED light caused a significant increase in both total number and degranulated mast cells when compared to the control group immediately after irradiation. The degranulation indexes were higher in the groups irradiated with Violet light, both in superficial connective tissue and muscular tissues in relation to the timing. Irradiation with IR LED caused immediate increase in the total number and degranulated of mast cells when compared to the control group only in the superficial connective tissue. In all times observed, the highest total amount of mast cells was seen immediately after irradiation, except in the muscular tissue, which presented the highest amount after 20-min. It was concluded that IR and violet LED light were able to increase the number of mast cells and inducing degranulation in oral mucosa. However, considering that violet LED light can be harmful in periodontal disease, it seems that the use of IR LED light could be the best option in Dentistry.

Expression and degranulation of mast cells in laser photobiomodulated mucositis chemo-induced: pilot study in hamsters.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of laser photobiomodulation on the expression and degranulation of mast cells in chemo-induced oral mucositis (OM) lesions in hamsters. Twelve adult male Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), golden lineage, were submitted to OM induction. They were divided into three groups: control-OM without treatment (C), OM treated with red laser (RL), OM treated with infrared laser (IL) and analyzed in the experimental time of 7 days. Three and 4 days after the intraperitoneal injection of the chemotherapy drug fluorouracil, the OM lesions were induced by making grooves in the right cheek pouch. Immediately after chemoinduction, the hamsters were submitted to photobiomodulation every 48 h for 7 days. The specimens were processed and stained using the hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue techniques. There was a predominance of mild chronic inflammation in the experimental groups and a greater persistence of neutrophils in the control group (C), although not statistically significant. The group irradiated with red laser (RL) had the highest mean mast cell expression (38.28 ± 19.05) (p < 0.001). As for the degranulation activity in mast cells, the control group (C) showed a greater number of fields with more than 50% of degranulated cells, presenting statistical significance when comparing it with the RL (p < 0.009) and IL (p = 0.036) group. It can be concluded that photobiomodulation, at both wavelengths, decreased mast cell degranulation, accelerating the inflammatory process. The use of infrared laser provided, in addition to less degranulation, the quantitative reduction of mast cells.

Accuracy of an endodontic rotary motor with integrated apex locator to determine the root canal length / Precisão de um motor rotatório endodôntico com localizador apical integrado para determinação do comprimento radicular

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy to determine the root canal length, in vitro,of both the electronic apex locator (M2) and the autostop (AS - M3) functions of the Endus Duo Gnatus endodontic motor (Gnatus, São Paulo, SP, Brazil). Methods: Thirty extracted human single-rooted premolars had their root canal lengths (TLs) up to the apical foramen determined using the Endus Duo Gnatus in two ways: (1) In the stainless steel (SS) control group, the measurement was obtained using a stainless steel hand instrument with the electronic locator mode (M2 function) connected to a stainless-steel hand instrument (K-file #15). In the NiTi rotary instrument (NiTi RI) intervention group, the measurement was obtained during the instrumentation (M3 function) of the root canals with a nickel-titanium rotary instrument (Hyflex CM: Coltene Whaledent, Cuyahoga Falls, OH, USA), size 25/.06. The NiTi manually used instrument (NiTi MUI) Intervention group performed the measurement in locator mode using a Hyflex instrument, placed to true length manually. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA followed by the Tukey post-hoc test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The true mean length and standard deviation (SD) of the standardized root canals were 18.40 ± 2.14mm, while the mean lengths and standard deviations (SD) were 18.29 ± 1.89mm, 18.22 ± 1.85mm, and 17.24 ± 2.09mm for the SS, NiTi RI, and NiTi MUI groups, respectively. However, data from the NiTi MUI Intervention group indicated shorter root canal lengths when compared to the SS control group and the NiTi RI Intervention group values, and were significantly shorter than the true canal length (p < 0.001). Conclusions:The use of the motor in NiTi RI Intervention group showed acceptable results. However, the NiTi MUI Intervention group resulted in unacceptable short measurements.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia na determinação do comprimento do canal radicular, in vitro, das funções localizador eletrônico foraminal (M2) e auto-parada durante a instrumentação (M3) do motor endodôntico Endus Duo Gnatus ( Gnatus, São Paulo, SP, Brasil). Métodos: Trinta pré-molares humanos uniradiculares extraídos tiveram seus comprimentos de canais radiculares (CRTs) até o forame apical determinados usando o Endus Duo Gnatus de duas maneiras: (1) No grupo controle de aço inoxidável (SS), a medida foi obtida usando um instrumento manual de aço inoxidável com modo de localização eletrônica foraminal (função M2) conectado a um instrumento manual de aço inoxidável (lima tipo K #15). No grupo intervenção instrumento rotatório NiTi (NiTi RI), a medida foi obtida durante a instrumentação (função M3) dos canais radiculares com instrumento rotatório de níquel-titânio (Hyflex CM: Coltene Whaledent, Cuyahoga Falls, OH, EUA), tamanho 25/.06. O grupo de intervenção NiTi instrumento usado manualmente (NiTi MUI) realizou a medição no modo localizador foraminal usando um instrumento Hyflex, colocado manualmente no comprimento real do dente. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio de ANOVA seguida do teste post-hoc de Tukey com nível de significância de p < 0,05. Resultados: Os comprimentos reais médios dos dentes e desvios-padrão (DP) dos canais radiculares padronizados foram 18,40 ± 2,14 mm, enquanto os comprimentos médios e desvios- padrão (DP) foram 18,29 ± 1,89 mm, 18,22 ± 1,85 mm e 17,24 ± 2,09 mm para os grupos SS, NiTi RI e NiTi MUI, respectivamente. No entanto, os dados do grupo de intervenção NiTi MUI indicaram comprimentos de canais radiculares mais curtos quando comparados aos valores do grupo controle SS e do grupo de intervenção NiTi RI, e foram significativamente mais curtos que o comprimento real do canal (p < 0,001). Conclusões: A utilização do motor no grupo Intervenção NiTi RI apresentou resultados aceitáveis. No entanto, o grupo de intervenção NiTi MUI resultou em medições curtas inaceitáveis.

Factors associated with dental cavity in children aged six to 36 months old, in Salvador-BA / Fatores associados à cárie dentária em crianças de seis a 36 meses, em Salvador-BA

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the factors associatedwith dental cavity in early childhood. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study on oral health condition of 535 children aged between six and 36 months old, at Family Health Units, in Salvador-BA. Information was collected on socioeconomic conditions, mother and child's health, eating and oral hygiene habits, and oral examination. Results: the prevalence of dental cavity was 13.64% (CI95%=11.44 -15.84) and the factors associated were: child's age, number of rooms in the house, "Bolsa Família" (Family Welfare) benefit, prenatal consultations, birth weight and exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusions: socioeconomic conditions strongly influenced oral health, as well as prenatal care and breastfeeding. To prevent childhood cavities, it is pertinent to invest in intersectoral actions and systematized programs, including the medical and nursing staff, as these actions are essential for integral care for the child's health and quality of life

Resumo Objetivos: analisar os fatores associados à cárie dentária na primeira infância. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal das condições de saúde oral de 535 crianças entre seis e 36 meses, em Unidades de Saúde da Família, em Salvador-BA. Foram coletadas informações sobre as condições socioeconômicas, saúde da mãe e da criança, hábitos alimentares e de higiene oral e exame oral. Resultados: a prevalência de cárie dentária foi de 13,64% (IC95%=11,44-15,84) e os fatores associados foram: idade da criança, número de cômodos da casa, benefício "Bolsa Família", consultas de pré-natal, peso ao nascer e aleitamento materno exclusivo. Conclusões: as condições socioeconômicas influenciam fortemente na saúde oral, bem como o pré-natal e o aleitamento materno. Para prevenir cárie na infância, é pertinente investir em ações intersetoriais e programas sistematizados, incluindo a equipe médica e de enfermagem, pois estas ações são imprescindíveis para o cuidado integral à saúde da criança e qualidade de vida

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia-related osteonecrosis: A series of cases.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the clinicopathological features of florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD)-related osteonecrosis highlighting their histopathological aspects and bone structure. METHODS: Twenty-two FCOD-related osteonecrosis cases were evaluated retrospectively. Osteonecrosis, osteomyelitis, bacterial colonization, bone resorption, reactive bone, osteon-like structure, lamellar bone, and basophilic lines were analyzed. Specific staining and fluorescence and polarized light microscopy analyses were also performed. RESULTS: The mandible was more affected by FCOD-related osteonecrosis. There was a predominance of African-Brazilian women in the fifth and seventh decades of life. Osteomyelitis was present in 82 % of cases whereas bone resorption and bacterial colonization were present in 100 % of FCOD-related osteonecrosis cases. Thick basophilic lines were seen in all cases (100 %). Actinomycosis and osteoclasts were not often. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed female adult preference, mandibular location, and some findings such as osteomyelitis, bone resorption, and bacterial colonization were histopathological features more frequent in FCOD-related osteonecrosis. In the absence of a close clinical and radiographic correlation, the morphology of the necrotized bone similar to cementum could help to recognize FCOD.

Imaginologic resources used in diagnosis of root resorptions: comparative study / Recursos imaginológicos utilizados no diagnóstico de reabsorções radiculares: estudo comparativo

ABSTRACT Objective: Compare the accuracy of early diagnosis of simulated internal root resorptions and external root resorption, using digital periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography. Methods: Root resorption were simulated in extracted human teeth by demineralization with 5% nitric acid solution and 8% Sodium Hypochlorite in different periods (1 and 5 days). For the group external root resorption (n=12) composite resin cylinders were positioned on middle third of buccal surface of roots, to delimit application of demineralization substances. In group internal root resorptions (n=12) the teeth were sectioned longitudinally, and the composite resin cylinders were positioned in the middle third of root canals. The teeth were mounted in a dry mandible and evaluated by digital radiography and tomography. The images were evaluated by two examiners. Results: Analyzing the tomographic images in period of 1 day, the examiner 2 identified internal root resorptions that were not identified in radiographic images (p<0.05). No examiner was capable of diagnosing external root resorption irrespective of exam, in the group of 1 day (p>0.05). In 5 day period of induction, both exams identified internal root resorptions (p>0.05), however, the tomographic images were more effective in identifying external root resorption (p <0.05) for both examiners. Conclusion: Cone beam computed tomography was shown to be more effective than digital periapical radiography for detecting internal root resorptions with 1 day of induction. The imaginological resources used in this study were not able to early detect external root resorption.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a acurácia do diagnóstico precoce de reabsorções radiculares interna (RRI) e reabsorções radiculares externa (RRE) simuladas, por meio de radiografia periapical digital e tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico. Métodos: Reabsorções radiculares foram simuladas em dentes humanos extraídos utilizando a desmineralização com ácido nítrico 5% e hipoclorito de sódio 8% em diferentes períodos (1 e 5 dias). Para o grupo reabsorções radiculares externa (n=12) cilindros de resina composta foram posicionados no terço médio das faces vestibulares das raízes, delimitando a aplicação das substâncias de desmineralização. No grupo reabsorções radiculares interna (n=12) os dentes foram seccionados longitudinalmente, e os cilindros de resina posicionados no terço médio dos canais radiculares. Os dentes foram montados em mandíbula seca e avaliados por meio de radiografia digital e tomografia por dois examinadores. Resultados: Nas imagens tomográficas no período de 1 dia, o examinador 2 identificou reabsorções radiculares interna as quais não foram identificadas nas radiografias (p<0,05). Nenhum examinador foi capaz de diagnosticar as reabsorções radiculares externa independente do exame no grupo de 1 dia (p>0.05). No período de indução de 5 dias ambos os exames identificaram as reabsorções radiculares interna (p>0,05), entretanto, as tomografias foram mais eficazes na identificação das reabsorções radiculares externa (p<0,05) para ambos os examinadores. Conclusão: A tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico mostrou-se mais eficaz do que a radiografia periapical digital na detecção de reabsorções radiculares interna com 1 dia de indução. Os recursos imaginológicos utilizados neste estudo não foram capazes de detectar precocemente a reabsorção radicular externa.

Diferentes critérios de definição da periodontite em puérperas jovens e sua associação com o baixo peso ao nascer / Different criteria for periodontitis definition in young mothers and its association with low birth weight

Objetivo: comparar três critérios de definição da periodontite na associação da doença periodontal com o baixo peso ao nascer (BPN) em uma população de puérperas jovens de Salvador, BA. Metodologia: aplicaram-se três diferentes critérios de definição da periodontite a uma amostra de 202 mães de bebês com peso ≥ 2.500g (controles) e de 97 mães de bebês com BPN (casos) pertencentes a uma base de dados de um estudo caso-controle prévio. Para a análise da associação entre periodontite e BPN, construíram-se modelos para os três critérios. A regressão logística não-condicional foi realizada para estimar a Odds Ratio (OR) baseada em Intervalos de Confiança a 95%. Resultados: a idade média das mães foi de 26,29 anos. A maioria declarou-se negra/ parda (92.64%), não fumante (94,65%) e possuir renda de até um salário-mínimo (61,20%). A ocorrência da periodontite variou de 22,41% a 94,31%, segundo o critério usado. Estimando-se a OR ajustada, a periodontite definida pelo critério 1 [ORajust. = 0,94, IC (95%)= 0,56­1,56], critério 2 [ORajust=1,18, IC(95%)= 0,65-2,13] e critério 3 [ORajust= 0,87, IC(95%)=0,37-3,22] não esteve associada com o BPN. Conclusão: flexibilizar o critério de definição interferiu na magnitude das medidas de ocorrência, mas não influenciou a análise de associação entre a periodontite e o BPN.

Objective: to compare three criteria for periodontitis definition and its association with Low Birth Weight (LBW) in a population of young mothers, in the city of Salvador ­ BA. Methods: Three different definitions for periodontitis were applied to sample of 202 mothers of newborns (NB) weighing ≥2.500g (controls) and 97 mothers of NB with LBW (cases) belonging to database from a previous case-control study. For the analysis of the association between periodontitis and LBW, were created models for three criteria. An unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval. Results: the average age of mothers was 26,29 years. Most respondents identified themselves as black or brown (92.64%), 94,65% nonsmokers (94,65%) and have income up to 1 minimum wage (61.20%). The occurrence of periodontitis varied between 22,41% to 94,31% according to the criteria. When estimating adjusted OR, the periodontitis defined by criterion 1 [ORajus=0,94, IC(95%)=0,56­1,56], criterion 2 [ORajus=1,18, IC(95%)= 0,65-2,13] and criterion 3 [ORajus=0,87, IC(95%)=0,37-3,22] did not demonstrate association with LBW. Conclusion: to flex periodontitis' criteria modified the magnitude of measures of occurrence but did not influence the association analysis between periodontitis and the BPN.

Association between occupational exposure to domestic solid waste and dental caries: a cross-sectional study.

Studies have shown that domestic waste collectors are exposed to toxicants including infectious pathogens, which may be linked to their oral health conditions. This cross-sectional study evaluated the dental caries and its associated factors among domestic waste collectors. A total of 301 adult men who worked for a waste collection corporation were included; 171 men worked in direct contact with domestic solid waste and 130 did not. Sociodemographic data, working, and medical history were assessed. The decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index was examined. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with dental status with a significance level of 5%. The overall mean DMFT score was 8.36±5.64. The mean DMFT, missing teeth (MT), and filled teeth (FT) were significantly higher in workers who did not have any direct contact with waste (p≤0.04). In the logistic analysis, DMFT ≥8 was only associated with older age (OR=8.41 [95% confidence interval (95%CI), 5.01-14.12], p<0.001). Decayed teeth (DT) ≥2 was associated with no previous oral hygiene instruction (OR=2.70 [1.50-4.81], p=0.001) and no daily dental flossing (OR=4.26 [1.92-9.43], p<0.001). MT ≥9 was associated with lower education level (OR=3.33 [1.57-7.10], p= 0.002). FT≥3 had a negative association with low income (OR= 0.42 [0.25-0.70], p<0.001) and no daily flossing (OR=0.42 [0.23-0.76], p=0.004). In conclusion, occupational exposure to domestic solid waste was not associated with poor dental status. Instead, age, education, income level, and oral hygiene were associated with dental health status. Missing teeth constituted the major component of the DMFT index. Therefore, prevention and oral rehabilitation programs are necessary to improve dental health.

Fatores comportamentais desenvolvidos na adolescência e sua influência na etiologia do câncer de cavidade oral / Behavioral factors developed in adolescence and its influence on oral cavity cancer etiology

Introdução: o sistema de saúde brasileiro enfrenta um importante desafio com o aumento da incidência e taxa de letalidade das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Entre elas encontra-se o câncer de cavidade oral que se desenvolve com a interação de múltiplos fatores, especialmente de ordem ambiental, evitáveis, que são instalados muitas vezes durante a adolescência. Objetivo: realizar revisão de literatura referente à prevalência, em adolescentes, de fatores comportamentais de risco que podem levar ao desenvolvimento do câncer oral. Metodologia: foi realizada revisão narrativa a fim de levantar os principais trabalhos referentes à temática. O levantamento bibliográfico foi conduzido através de bases de dados on-line, referente ao período de 2008 a 2018, utilizando os descritores: fatores de risco comportamentais, adolescentes, câncer oral, tabaco, álcool, HPV, e dieta de forma combinada, nos idiomas português e inglês. Foram incluídos aqueles documentos que apresentaram as expressões utilizadas nas buscas no título ou palavras-chave, ou tinham explícito no resumo que o texto estava relacionado ao tema, dentro da temporalidade especificada. Resultados e Discussão: foram identificados 12 artigos sobre o tema que apontaram como principais fatores comportamentais desenvolvidos na adolescência o tabagismo, o alcoolismo, e os comportamentos sexuais e alimentares, os quais representam importantes fatores de riscos na instalação do câncer oral. Conclusão: é consenso na literatura a necessidade, na maioria dos casos, de acumulação temporal dos fatores etiológicos desta doença, tendo assim a adolescência como uma fase promissora para o estabelecimento de hábitos saudáveis ou nocivos para a saúde do indivíduo.

Introduction: the Brazilian health system faces an important challenge with the increasing incidence and case fatality rate of c chronic diseases. These include oral cavity cancer that develops through the interaction of multiple, especially environmental, preventable factors that often develop during adolescence. Objective: to review the literature regarding the prevalence in adolescents of behavioral risk factors that may lead to the development of oral cancer. Metodology: narrative review was performed in order to survey the main works related to the theme. The literature review was conducted through online databases, from 2008 to 2018, using the descriptors: behavioral risk factors, adolescents, oral cancer, tobacco, alcohol, HPV, and diet in a combined manner, in Portuguese and English. We included those documents that presented the expressions used in the search in the title or keywords, or had explicit in the abstract that the text was related to the theme, within the specified temporality. Results and Discussion: twelve articles on the topic were identified that pointed as the main behavioral factors developed in adolescence, smoking, alcoholism, and sexual and eating behaviors, which represent important risk factors in the onset of oral cancer. Conclusion: there is a consensus in the literature on the need, in most cases, for the temporal accumulation of the etiological factors of this disease, thus having adolescence as a promising phase for the establishment of healthy or harmful habits for the individual's health.

Evolution of individual registrations in SISAB from the new financing of Primary Care: A descriptive study / Evolución de las inscripciones individuales en el SISAB a partir de la nueva financiación de la Atención Primaria: Un estudio descriptivo / Evolução dos cadastros individuais no SISAB a partir do novo financiamento da Atenção Básica: Um estudo descritivo

It is understood that the new financing of Primary Care through Previne Brasil instituted in November 2019, implied the need for individual registrations as a premise for transferring resources to the municipalities. In the meantime, it is noteworthy that this study aims to highlight the evolution of the number of individual registrations of e-SUS AB among the Northeastern states in the period between the third quarter of 2019 (2019Q3) and the third quarter of 2020 (2020Q3). This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of a quantitative nature, based on secondary data collected from the Primary Care Information System between February and March 2021. When analyzing the results, the state that showed the greatest evolution in the number of registrations was Bahia with a percentage equivalent to 7.12%, while only Ceará showed no growth in the number of registrations. The other states in the Northeast region did not show an increase of more than 4%. After one year of implementation of the Program, it was observed that the evolution of the registrations is still incipient, and new investigations are needed with the municipalities in order to identify strategies to increase individual registrations and therefore maintain the cost of Primary Health Care.

Se entiende que la nueva financiación de la Atención Primaria a través de Previne Brasil, instituida en noviembre de 2019, implicó la necesidad de registros individuales como premisa para la transferencia de recursos a los municipios. Mientras tanto, cabe destacar que este estudio tiene como objetivo mostrar la evolución del número de registros individuales de e-SUS AB entre los estados del noreste en el período comprendido entre el tercer trimestre de 2019 (2019Q3) y el tercer trimestre de 2020 (2020Q3). Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal de carácter cuantitativo, basado en datos secundarios recogidos del Sistema de Información de Atención Primaria entre febrero y marzo de 2021. Al analizar los resultados, el estado que mostró la mayor evolución en el número de registros fue Bahía con un porcentaje equivalente al 7,12%, mientras que sólo Ceará no mostró crecimiento en el número de registros. Los demás estados que componen la región noreste no registraron un crecimiento superior al 4%. Después de un año de implementación del programa, se observó que la evolución de las inscripciones es aún incipiente, lo que exige nuevas investigaciones con los municipios para identificar estrategias que permitan aumentar las inscripciones individuales y, por lo tanto, mantener el costo de la Atención Primaria de Salud. Traducción realizada con la versión gratuita del traductor www.DeepL.com/Translator

Compreende-se que o novo financiamento da Atenção Básica através do Previne Brasil instituído em novembro de 2019, implicou na necessidade de cadastros individuais como premissa para repasse de recursos aos municípios. Neste ínterim, ressalta-se que este estudo pretende evidenciar a evolução do número de cadastros individuais do e-SUS AB entre os estados do Nordeste no período entre o terceiro quadrimestre de 2019 (2019Q3) e o terceiro quadrimestre de 2020 (2020Q3). Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo de natureza quantitativa, pautado em dados secundários coletados do Sistema de Informação da Atenção Básica, entre fevereiro e março de 2021. Ao analisar os resultados, aquele estado que apresentou maior evolução no número de cadastros foi a Bahia com percentual equivalente a 7,12%, enquanto que apenas o Ceará não apresentou crescimento no número de cadastros. Os outros estados que compõem a região Nordeste, não apresentaram crescimento superior a 4%. Em um ano de implantação do Programa, observou-se que a evolução dos cadastros ainda é incipiente, sendo necessárias novas investigações junto aos municípios a fim de serem levantadas estratégias para incremento dos cadastros individuais e por conseguinte manutenção do custeio da Atenção Primária à Saúde.

Nonsyndromic oral clefts and associated risk factors in the state of Bahia, Brazil.

AIM: Nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL ± P) is the most common craniofacial birth defect. This study aims to determine demographic characteristics and the epidemiologic profile of NSCL ± P in Bahia, Brazil. SUBJECT AND METHODS: 692 patients of three Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Centers were interviewed. RESULTS: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) was the most frequent type of oral cleft (52.8%), particularly unilateral (34.8%) and affecting the left side (p < 0.001). Family history of cleft was found in 27.6%, especially between cousins (49.7%; p < 0.001). The Salvador metropolitan area represented 45.2% of the samples, followed by Mid-South (17.7%) and Mid-North Bahia (13.9%). In the South of the state, the risk of developing CL and CLP was statistically significant (p = 0.03; p = 0.006, respectively), and in the region of Vale do São Francisco there was a significant risk of developing CLP (p = 0.01), both in relation to CP. Young age and alcohol use in pregnancy were associated to giving birth to children with CLP (p = 0.02, p = 0.03, respectively). The use of folate and other vitamins diminished the risk of developing CL and CLP if compared to CP (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: It is hoped that the results of this research may be useful in planning actions of public service that should take care of affected individuals.

Prevalência e complicações das lesões dentárias traumáticas / Prevalence and consequences of traumatic dental injuries

Introdução: os traumatismos dentários precisam ser corretamente diagnosticados e tratados desde o primeiro atendimento, com a finalidade de minimizar as alterações tardias que poderão complicar o tratamento endodôntico. Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência dos traumatismos dentários na dentição permanente e apresentar as principais alterações subsequentes a estes. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo observacional da prevalência de traumatismo dentário na dentição permanente e da ocorrência de possíveis complicações endodônticas pós-traumáticas, por meio do acompanhamento clínico e radiográfico dos pacientes atendidos na disciplina de Endodontia Clínica da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, no período de 2012 a 2016. Resultados: os dados obtidos foram tabulados e a análise dos resultados incluiu distribuição de frequência e teste Qui-quadrado com nível de significância de 5%. A amostra compreendeu 178 dentes de 89 pacientes, sendo a sua maioria do gênero masculino (54%). A faixa etária mais prevalente foi dos 11 aos 20 anos de idade. A maxila foi a região mais afetada, sendo os dentes anteriores os mais acometidos (83%). A queda foi o fator etiológico predominante (61%) e a fratura coronária não complicada foi o tipo de trauma mais prevalente (23,2%), seguido da luxação lateral (19,7%) e da avulsão (17,7%). A necrose da polpa foi a complicação endodôntica mais frequente (42,7%), seguida da reabsorção radicular externa com 18,3%. Conclusão: pôde-se observar uma alta ocorrência das complicações pós-traumáticas, sendo necessário o tratamento e o acompanhamento criterioso desses pacientes com o intuito de evitar a perda dentária.

Introduction: dental trauma needs to be correctly diagnosed and treated from the first visit, in order to minimize late changes that may complicate endodontic treatment. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of dental trauma in permanent dentition and to present the main subsequent changes. Metodology: an observational study of the prevalence of dental trauma in permanent dentition and the occurrence of possible post-traumatic endodontic complications was carried out through clinical and radiographic follow-up of patients treated at the Clinical Endodontics discipline of the Federal University School of Dentistry. Bahia, from 2012 to 2016. Results: the data obtained were tabulated and the analysis of the results included frequency distribution and Chi-square test with a significance level of 5%. The sample comprised 178 teeth from 89 patients, most of them male (54%). The most prevalent age group was from 11 to 20 years old. The maxilla was the most affected region, with the anterior teeth being the most affected (83%). Fall was the predominant etiological factor (61%) and uncomplicated coronary fracture was the most prevalent type of trauma (23.2%), followed by lateral dislocation (19.7%) and avulsion (17.7%). . Pulp necrosis was the most common endodontic complication (42.7%), followed by external root resorption with 18.3%. Conclusion: it was observed a high occurrence of post-traumatic complications, requiring the treatment and careful monitoring of these patients in order to prevent tooth loss.

Central giant cell granuloma: A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of macrophages, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and regulatory proteins.

OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to investigate immunohistochemical parameters that could distinguish non-aggressive Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) from aggressive CGCG, two groups of lesions which differ in their clinical and radiographic features and prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 12 cases of non-aggressive CGCG and 11 cases of aggressive CGCG were investigated and associated the immunohistochemical expression of macrophages (CD68 and CD163), blood vessels (CD34 and CD105), lymphatic vessels (D2-40) and regulator proteins (p63 and Ki-67). Clinical and radiographic features were also studied. RESULTS: Associations between all proteins in non-aggressive and aggressive CGCG were not significant (p > 0.05). With respect to non-aggressive CGCG, there were no significant correlations, while in aggressive CGCG there was a significant positive correlation between CD68 and CD163 (p = 0.031), between CD34 and D2-40 proteins (p = 0.04), whereas a significant negative correlation was observed between CD105 and CD68 (p = 0.040). However, regardless of aggressiveness of CGCG, there was a significant positive correlation between CD68 and CD163 (p = 0,04). Among the clinical and immunohistochemical aspects, only the symptomatology was a significant risk factor for the occurrence of aggressive CGCG (OR = 12.00/p = 0.016). CONCLUSION: Macrophages and angiogenesis contribute to their maintenance and development of CGCG. In addition, immunohistochemistry used here was not able to differentiate their aggressiveness. However, symptomatology was proved to be a risk factor for the occurrence of aggressive CGCG. It is possible that clinical features, particularly symptomatology, represent the most appropriate parameter to attempt to distinguish GCCG.

Uso de corticoides por cirurgiões bucomaxilofaciais do Brasil / Use of corticoids by oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Brazil

Objetivo: verificar a frequência, os tipos e os momentos em que os corticoides são utilizados nos procedimentos como cirurgias de dentes inclusos, cirurgias de instalação de implantes, cirurgias reconstrutivas para implantes, cirurgias ortognáticas, cirurgias de trauma de face e cirurgias de patologias realizadas por especialistas em Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilo-Facial (CTBMF) do Brasil. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado mediante uma pesquisa quantitativa em que se utilizou um questionário composto por 25 perguntas aplicado a 70 especialistas em Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial que compareceram a um evento científico do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia e Traumatologia BucoMaxiloFacial. Resultados: a utilização de corticoides foi frequente em todos os procedimentos investigados no questionário, principalmente nas cirurgias ortognáticas em que 100% dos participantes confirmaram o uso. A variação nos regimes de uso de corticoides foi significativa. Constatou-se o uso de diferentes tipos de corticoides, sendo a dexametasona o fármaco que prevaleceu. Quanto às doses, percebeu-se, também, grande variação entre as respostas. Conclusão: em geral, os corticoides, da forma como são, frequentemente, administrados pelos cirurgiões bucomaxilofaciais nos diversos procedimentos cirúrgicos, parecem ser seguros, sobretudo no pré-operatório de cirurgias ortognáticas; porém, sua efetividade pós-operatória ainda é questionável.

Objective: to verify the frequency, types and moments that corticosteroids are used in procedures such as included teeth surgeries, implant installation surgeries, reconstructive implant surgeries, orthognathic surgeries, facial trauma surgeries and surgeries of pathologies performed by specialists in Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology - Facial (CTBMF) from Brazil. Methods: The study was conducted through a quantitative survey using a questionnaire consisting of twenty-five questions applied to seventy specialists in Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology - Facial who attended a scientific event of the Brazilian College of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology - Facial. Results: The use of corticosteroids was frequent in all procedures investigated in the questionnaire, mainly in orthognathic surgeries in which 100% of the participants confirmed the use. The variation in corticosteroids use regimes was significant. The use of different types of corticosteroids was detected, with dexamethasone being the drug that prevailed. As for the doses, there was also a great variation among the responses. Conclusion: In general, corticosteroids as they are often administered by oral maxillofacial surgeons in various surgical procedures seem to be safe especially in the preoperative period of orthognathic surgery, but their postoperative effectiveness is still questionable.

Spectrophotometric analysis of the effectiveness of bleaching agents used for non-vital teeth bleaching / Análise espectrofotométrica da eficácia dos agentes clareadores utilizados no clareamento de dentes não vitais

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficiency of three different substances used for the bleaching of non-vital teeth. Methods: Forty bovine teeth were divided into five groups: three test groups (sodium perborate + 20% hydrogen peroxide ­ SPG; 37% carbamide peroxide ­ CPG; 35% hydrogen peroxide ­ HPG) and two control groups (CG1 and CG2). Teeth of the test groups were stained artificially with blood and bleached using the in-office and walking bleach techniques. The efficiency of the bleaching agents was evaluated objectively by comparing the color variables L*, a*, and b* measured spectrophotometrically according to the CIELab system. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and the Tukey test, adopting a 5% level of significance. Results: The results showed a reduction in lightness (L*) after staining and an increase after the bleaching sessions. The values of a* and b* increased after staining and decreased after the application of the bleaching substances. Conclusions: All substances used for non-vital tooth bleaching exhibited the same bleaching efficiency. No significant differences in this efficiency were observed between the bleaching techniques at the end of the experiment. However, in-office bleaching provided the same bleaching result as the walking bleach technique within a shorter period. Clinical significance: Given the increasing demand for esthetics, the use of different bleaching techniques and the variety of whitening agents, oral health professionals should offer evidence-based treatment, more efficient and in less time.

Objetivos: este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a eficiência de três substâncias diferentes utilizadas no clareamento de dentes não vitais. Métodos: quarenta dentes bovinos foram divididos em cinco grupos: três grupos-teste (perborato de sódio + 20% de peróxido de hidrogênio - PS; 37% de peróxido de carbamida - PC; 35% de peróxido de hidrogênio - PH) e dois grupos-controle (CG1 e CG2). Os dentes dos grupos-teste foram pigmentados artificialmente com sangue e clareados usando as técnicas de branqueamento em consultório e walking-bleach. A eficiência dos agentes clareadores foi avaliada objetivamente, comparando-se as variáveis de cor L*, a* e b* medidas espectrofotometricamente de acordo com o sistema CIELab. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA e teste de Tukey, adotando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: os resultados mostraram uma redução da luminosidade (L*) após a pigmentação e um aumento após as sessões de clareamento. Os valores de a* e b* aumentaram após a pigmentação e diminuíram após a aplicação das substâncias clareadoras. Conclusões: todas as substâncias utilizadas no clareamento de dente não-vital apresentaram a mesma eficiência. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nesta eficiência entre as técnicas de branqueamento no final do experimento. No entanto, o branqueamento em consultório forneceu o mesmo resultado de clareamento que a técnica walking-bleach em um período mais curto. Significado clínico: Dada a crescente demanda por estética, o uso de diferentes técnicas de clareamento e a variedade de agentes clareadores, os profissionais de saúde bucal devem oferecer tratamento baseado em evidências, mais eficiente e em menos tempo.

Chronology and sequence of deciduous teeth eruption in children with microcephaly associated to the Zika virus.

INTRODUCTION: Deciduous teeth eruption is connected to children's growth and development. In Brazil, with the increase in the occurrence of children born with microcephaly associated to exposure to Zika virus, studies about orofacial alterations were necessary. OBJECTIVE: Describe the chronology and sequence of deciduous teeth in children with microcephaly due to the fetal exposure to Zika virus. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study involving 74 children of a neuropediatric reference unit in Salvador, Bahia, in 2017 was conducted. Through use of secondary data, interviews with mothers and children's exam, the population was characterized, the chronology and sequence of deciduous teeth eruption was registered, and the analysis of the variables was proceeded. RESULTS: The first eruption happened between 4 and 17 months of age and 52.70% had a delay in the eruption of incisors. The average eruption time for the maxilla varies from 17.92 (16.56-19.28; 95% CI) to 20.43 (19.35-21.51; 95% CI) months, and the jaw from 11.57 (6.85-18.99; 95% CI) to 20.20 (19.09-21.31; 95% CI) months. In 77.94% of population, the eruption of the first teeth was in the lower arch and in 33.82%, molars and/or canines erupted before the incisors. CONCLUSIONS: There were alteration in the chronology and sequence of deciduous teeth eruption.